Abstract The Todd I. Berens papers (1849-1970) consist of materials resulting from Berens' research of historical trails of early Western settlers, with emphasis on Jedediah Smith and Charles Fremont, as well as the Gold Rush of 1849. Included are letters from Dale Morgan, a biography of Arthur Shearer, and an excerpt from the Hannibal Journal. Todd Berens was a high school history teacher who specialized in historical research.